Accounting Information System - 3639 Words

Executive Summary Accounting information system is an extremely important role in the enterprise management. As technology advances, the system software is constantly improving, constantly enhance the function of the system, thus improving the efficiency of enterprise management. Accounting information system network and multi-function trend is more obvious, how is the fastest way to management to provide the latest information to help decision-makers analysis, forecasting, decision-making, improve operational efficiency, will be the greater challenges of the accounting information system. This study research and explore seven aspects of the accounting information system, we trying to find out that suits your needs accounting information†¦show more content†¦The data include: Activities Resources Personnel Second, the managers use the information system transform data into information enabling. Including the use of software input data, processing the data by computer and print the output repo rts and statements. Third, information system controls of the supply chain of RTE. Owing to containing large amounts of assets and financial data, it needs to provide adequate control to safeguard(Lo Fisher 2014):. The benefits for business include: †¢ Reduce Uncertainty †¢ Improve Decisions †¢ Improve Planning †¢ Improve Scheduling Accounting information system can used to support RTE because it is a system which collection, storage, processing, transmission and output a large number of accounting information. The accounting information system will be fully fused in the whole enterprise information system when enterprise information development to a certain extent (Beynon 2009). 2.2 Explain how these information systems could help RTE in managing the business. How will the introduction of information systems affect management decision†making? The accounting information system could help RTE in managing business include(Romney Marshall Paul 2009): Improve Quality and Reduce Costs. Managers based on accounting information system information provided, coordinate human, material and financial resources to achieve the expectedShow MoreRelatedAccounting Information System1811 Words   |  8 PagesDiscussion I. I. Accounting information system is a combination of collecting, recording, storing, and processing data of a business. The advancement of technology initiates business firms to seek for new innovations that would greatly help in business functions. As what Dillon and Kruck (2004) had explained, â€Å"at the start of the 21st century, business organizations are facing an explosion of global competition and innovation and facilitating this explosion is the increasing ability of organizationsRead MoreQuestions On Accounting Information Systems2346 Words   |  10 PagesACC539-201560 ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS – ASSIGNMENT 1 The abovementioned has been arranged in two parts on the same document, first Question 1 then Question 2 follows below that: QUESTION 1: Question 1: explanation of how implementation of cloud accounting information system in an organisation relates to corporate straegy and value chain. Risks and benefits are explored. Introduction We seek to investigate how the implementation of a cloud accounting information system relates to anRead MoreAccounting Information Systems7237 Words   |  29 PagesOne As accounting students we have studied a variety of accounting areas involving financial and taxes. The accounting information course appears to be a course that heads in a different direction then what we as students have become accustomed to. Speaking for myself I have always been drawn to the accounting field because it is a black and white area. In other words, there it is organized and has right and wrong answers, this leaving out the gray areas between right and wrong. Accounting informationRead MoreThe Implementation Of Accounting Information Systems1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthe implementation of accounting information systems, accounting and corporate accounting management environment has undergone great changes, internal control mechanisms and instruments manual accounting system was not available for the network environment, the establishment of information systems and accounting internal control system adapted to become enterprises need to solve the problems. In the 1990s, with the development of global economic integration and information technology. Internet,Read MoreAccounting Information System (Ais) - a Conceptual Study1986 Words   |  8 PagesISSN:-2230-7850 Research Papers ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM (AIS) - A Conceptual Study Dr.Rambabu Gopisetti Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad, A.P. 503322 G.Srinivas Academic Consultant, Department of Commerce, Telangana University, Nizamabad, A.P. ABSTRACT Managerial decision making normally relies upon an effective information system. At present many firms are using accounting software to prepare accounting reports very quick, perfectlyRead MoreThe Adoption Of Cloud Based Accounting Information System1784 Words   |  8 Pagesreport is to critically analyze the adoption of cloud based accounting information system (AIS) in business organizations and also its challenges and benefits of cloud based environment. Cloud accounting (SAASU 2014, para 3) is also called ‘online accounting’, which provides the same service as accounting software and data is securely stored on servers known as the cloud. According to Emma Watkins (Demand Media 2014, para 1), â€Å"cloud accounting is the use of computer hardware and software applicationsRead MoreThe Adoption Of Cloud Based Accounting Information System2021 Words   |  9 Pagesreport is to critically analyze the adoption of cloud based accounting information system (AIS) in busin ess organizations and also its challenges and benefits of cloud based environment. Cloud accounting (SAASU 20124, para 3) is also called ‘online accounting’, which provides the same service as accounting software and data is securely stored on servers as known as the cloud. According to Emma Watkins (Demand Media 2014, para 1), â€Å"cloud accounting is the use of computer hardware and software applicationsRead MoreAccounting Information System 53570 Words   |  15 Pages1450-223X Issue 4 (2009), pp36-44  © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2009 http://www.eurojournals.com/ajsr.htm Accounting Information Systems (AIS) and Knowledge Management: A Case Study Zulkarnain Muhamad Sori Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Management Universiti Putra Malaysia Abstract This study seeks to examine the use of Accounting Information Systems (AIS) by ZBMS Sdn. Bhd., and it’s contribution to the knowledge management and strategic role of the organisationRead MorePayroll Fraud And Accounting Information Systems1391 Words   |  6 Pages Payroll Fraud and Accounting Information Systems Stephanie Ace and Nisha Selvam Payroll systems have evolved tremendously as software and computerized systems have spread throughout the workplace. While this has alleviated some of the hassle involved with processing payroll, it has also opened up a world of potential issues. Oftentimes, systems that appear both effective and efficient can become vulnerable if placed in the hands of dishonest employees or employersRead MoreChapter 1 Accounting Information Systems and the Accountant14769 Words   |  60 PagesChapter 1 Accounting Information Systems and the Accountant INTRODUCTION WHAT ARE ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS? Accounting Information Systems—A Deï ¬ nition Accounting Information Systems and Their Role in Organizations CASE ANALYSES The Annual Report Universal Concrete Products Ross, Sells, and Young, LLP REFERENCES AND RECOMMENDED READINGS ANSWERS TO TEST YOURSELF WHAT’S NEW IN ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS? Suspicious Activity Reporting Countering Terrorism Corporate Scandals and Accounting The

Melrose Hotels Human Resource Management

Question: Describe about theMelrose Hotels for Human Resource Management?. Answer: Introduction: The human resource management is the management system for the employees of the organization. The human resource management manages three major areas such as staffing, employee compensation and benefits (Hoque 2013). The Melrose Hotels, PLC have more than 60 hotels in United Kingdom (Karatepe 2013). This group has acquired a small hotel chain headquartered in France. The organization has decided that it would retain half of the hotels in France, while sell the other half to acquire financial support so as to fund the renovation of the hotels in France. As stated by Nickson (2013), Melroses hotels have considered the budget accommodations for their future innovation and business development process. 1. Reward and performance management strategy: As stated by Boella and Goss (2013), it has been observed that guests have booked the hotels for one to three nights for the purpose of business meetings and travelling. Moreover, it has been found that the hotels are located at the heart of the city. Therefore the guests can easily access the mass transit. It has been observed that tourists have chosen these hotels as it is easily accessible to many local attractions and places of visit. As stated by Karatepe (2013), such locational advantages will be beneficial as tourists will not want to spend much time in their hotel rooms. The organization has planned to own 150 new hotels in next five years. The organization is ambitious to own 300 more hotels across Europe (Marco and beda 2013). The managers have planned to recruit more than 70% employees for the new business unit (Leonidou et al. 2013). The human resource management has observed that the employees and managers would need to be fluent in French. Therefore the human resource management has planned to recruit new staffs and managers for the newly owned hotels in France (Alfes et al. 2013). The human resource management has planned to recruit the employees and managers for future expansion of the business. According to the human resource management success of the new business unit would be in the hands of the newly obtained recruits. Therefore the human resource management has planned to implement a good range of incentive schemes for the new employees. On the other hand, the human resource management has planned to develop effective team training and development sessions for the new staffs. As stated by Zopiatis et al. (2014), the human resource management has divided the training session into two different parts such as pre-departure training and on-the-job training. The human resource management has planned to arrange the new training session in the new country. As argued by Hoque (2013), the managers have never transferred their employees to other countries. Therefore the human resource manager is quite confused regarding the training session to be held in the new c ountry. The human resource management has included the introductory French language training session so that the managers would manage the new hotels from its nascent stage. The human resource management expects that the managers and the staffs will enjoy the advance language classes (Nickson 2013). Apart from that, the human resource management has planned to arrange on-the-job training sessions so as to improve customer service skills. This staffs will learn to develop a clean and comfortable work environment for increasing staffs satisfaction in the new hotels (Boella and Goss 2013). Therefore the human resource management has ensured that all the hotel buildings and fixture would be well maintained. 2. Employee Participation and Employee Engagement Strategy: It has been observed that the manager has planned to own 150 new hotels in the Europe with in next 5 years (Karatepe 2013). He also has plans to 300 new hotels in next 10 years. Keeping these goals in mind, the manager has planned to recruit 70% new staffs and managers in the organization (Marco-Lajara and beda 2013). However, the human resource management has observed that the employees cannot speak in French frequently. Therefore, the human resource management has planned to recruit and train the employees for four weeks. As stated by Leonidou et al. (2013), the human resource management has decided to implement the positive work environment in the redeveloped hotels. To do this they have decided to implement the flexible work environment in the new hotels. The human resource management has tried to implement two different types of training sessions for the employees such as Pre-departure training session and on-the-job training for the business expansion in France (Alfes et al. 2013). The human resource management has observed that language training is necessary for the staffs and the managers. It has been observed that the organization has not sent any staffs to other countries. Therefore, the human resource management has decided to implement the humanistic work place for new staffs (Zopiatis et al. 2014). The human resource management has observed that French culture is different from the culture of UK. Therefore the human resource management has planned to maintain the mixed culture strategy in the work place. It has been observed that guests come from different countries. Therefore the staffs can easily maintain proper hospitality service with the guests if they follow this strategy (Hoque 2013). The human resource management has planned to involve the staffs in the decision making process. Therefore any good decision of the employees would improve the management strategy of the managers. On the other hand, the employees and then managers will improve the employee satisfaction. Conclusion: Melrose Hotels, PLC have more than 60 hotels in the UK and the organization has planned to expand their business in France. The organization has planned to own 150 new hotels all over Europe. The organization has planned to recruit more than 70% new staffs and managers for the redeveloped hotels. Moreover the human resource management has identified certain language issues of managers and staffs. Therefore the human resource management has planned to arrange two ways of learning sessions for the employees. The human resource management has decided to arrange training session on language training and customer service training. On the other hand, the human resource management has intended to implement the flexible work environment for the hotels. The human resource management has planned to implement the humanistic workplace strategy and mixed culture strategy for satisfying the employees. Reference list: Alfes, K., Shantz, A.D., Truss, C. and Soane, E.C., 2013. The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model.The international journal of human resource management,24(2), pp.330-351. Boella, M. and Goss-Turner, S., 2013.Human resource management in the hospitality industry: A guide to best practice. Routledge. Hoque, K., 2013.Human resource management in the hotel industry: Strategy, innovation and performance. Routledge. Karatepe, O.M., 2013. High-performance work practices and hotel employee performance: The mediation of work engagement.International Journal of Hospitality Management,32, pp.132-140. Leonidou, L.C., Leonidou, C.N., Fotiadis, T.A. and Zeriti, A., 2013. Resources and capabilities as drivers of hotel environmental marketing strategy: Implications for competitive advantage and performance.Tourism Management,35, pp.94-110. Marco-Lajara, B. and beda-Garca, M., 2013. Human resource management approaches in Spanish hotels: An introductory analysis.International Journal of Hospitality Management,35, pp.339-347. Nickson, D., 2013.Human resource management for hospitality, tourism and events. Routledge. Zopiatis, A., Constanti, P. and Theocharous, A.L., 2014. Job involvement, commitment, satisfaction and turnover: Evidence from hotel employees in Cyprus.Tourism Management,41, pp.129-140.

Justice and Gender in the Oresteia free essay sample

Justice and Gender in the Oresteia Justice and gender are put into relation with each other in Aeschylus’ Oresteia. In this trilogy, Greek society is characterized as a patriarch, where the oldest male assumes the highest role of the oikos (household). The household consists of a twofold where the father is the head, and the wife and children are the extended family. The head of the oikos is the only one who possesses the authority to seek justice. This is because the father acquires the authority through the inheritance law or male lineage.On the contrary, Greek society seems to transform to a matriarch when Clytemnestra solely murders Agamemnon because she, like primitive males, exercises destructive justice and enters the cycle of violence. Conversely, Athena implements a new and productive structure of justice known as litigation. This suggests that Clytemnestra functions as a catalyst in the transformation from oikos (aristocratic) to polis (democratic) which reflects upon society’s progress towards cleansing. We will write a custom essay sample on Justice and Gender in the Oresteia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, Athena replaces Clytemnestra as the dominant female figure because she employs a new and more productive justice referred to as the rational Athenian judgment, and therefore establishes a just society that will produce and not destruct. In order to completely grasp Clytemnestra and Athena’s role in Oresteia, one must first acknowledge that a change in government is characterized by the societal change in justice from old to new. Then, the chorus outlines two forms of justice: destructive and productive.It is important to acknowledge that destructive justice was the prevalent type utilized by men since the earliest epochs of Greek culture. Aeschylus writes, â€Å"And Justice tilts the scales to ensure suffering is the only teacher. As for the Future, you will only learn it when it comes† (Agamemnon 53:287-290). In this passage, the chorus assists in defining that destructive justice insofar as it expounds on the notion that honesty is restored only through entering the continuous cycle of violence.It also suggests that suffering is an unending cycle of blood for blood because â€Å"it is law: that each and every drop of blood spilled on the ground calls out for more blood spilled† (121: 456-8). Aeschylus suggests that blood for blood is a highly revered belief in Greek culture because it is part of the male’s inheritance law. One might argue that the inheritance law strictly pertains to productive and wealthy heritage. However, every head of the household is subjugated by â€Å"the first mayhem, that ancestral sin, as one by one each spits on a brother’s bed that brought destruction to its defiler† (85:1364).This excerpt concludes that the cycle of violence is inescapable because it is inherited through lineage. The concept that suffering is only justified through more suffering is socially accepted, and therefore individuals that are born into this destructive structure embody an instinct inclination towards justice through violence. In knowing that males link their suffering to the sins of their ancestors, one might question that because Clytemnestra is a female, she cannot also link suffering to the sins of her lineage.Clytemnestra becomes a male in a sense that her nature is primitive and inclined to be destructive or violent. The suffering that Clytemnestra endures from death of her da ughter Iphigenia is astronomical, and therefore she can link her suffering to Agamemnon. However, one might dispute that Agamemnon is considered ancestry, and therefore Clytemnestra should not have pursued a violent vengeance. Although, Agamemnon is not considered â€Å"through streams of kindered blood,† it is important to note that as Clytemnestra assumes the head of the oikos, she also becomes affected by the ancestral sins (97:1735).Like all primitive Greek males, Clytemnestra instinctively relieves her suffering she endures, from the death of Iphigenia, by entering the cycle of violence. This further elucidates why a man, whom kills another, only acknowledges his own position in the circle of unjust acts at the very point he, in turn, becomes affected by it (murdered). Clytemnestra makes no implications of violence until she deceitfully welcomes Agamemnon, â€Å"For while the root still lives, the leaves bring cool shade to the house again.So coming back to hearth and home, you bring a summer’s warmth to us in wintertime,† (77: 1108-1112). This quote serves as the prelude to Clytemnestra finally utilizing destructive justice, and thus breaking the circle of violence. Clytemnestra destructiveness is intrinsic in the scene where she welcome home Agamemnon, who accompanied by Cassandra. Aeschylus writes, â€Å"You go inside now. I’m talking to you, Cassandra. Zeus, not unkindly, has determined you should share the lustral water of our house, standing where all our slaves crowd the altar of god who guards the house’s wealth† (79:1173-78).In this excerpt, Clytemnestra shows that she is the head of her household because she can determine who is rightfully welcome. One might argue that Clytemnestra is not revealing destructive justice because of her calmness and generosity in this scene. However, the passage suggests that she is the head and Cassandra is the extended family, and therefore Clytemnestra shows a hint of her destructiveness as she enslaves Cassandra. Clytemnestra mercilessly tells Cassandra that it is â€Å"Here with us you’ll be treated as custom warrants (1189).Destructive justice is first seen when Clytemnestra says, â€Å"My aim was so exact—I won’t deny it—that he could not outrun death, or fend it off once I ensnared him in a deadly wealth of robes, escapeless as a fishing net† (93:1573-6). This quote describes the heartless and evil deed of murdering her husband. The â€Å"escapeless fishing net† is mentioned earlier in the Oresteia when the chorus states that, â€Å"the smothering mesh, seamless, so that in no way could the old or young slip free of the enslaving wide net of all-conquering destruction† (57: 411-414).This excerpt defines the net as being analogous to destruction, in that it smothers man deceivingly. It also reiterates on the notion, relevant in other Greek cultural texts such as The History and Iliad, that ancestral sin makes fate inescapable. A net captur es you before you see it coming. This idea parallels to both the fate and fashion that Clytemnestra determines Agamemnon’s fate. Clytemnestra, the head of the oikos, disrupts the cycle of violence when she solely murders Agamemnon as she â€Å"struck him (Agamemnon) twice, and while he cried two cries, his legs gave way† (93:1576).It is important that it was Aegisthus who planned the murder only to make â€Å"the entrapment, the woman’s role† (102:1897). Aegisthus causes Clytemnestra to become the catalyst towards cleansing as suggested when the chorus calls Aegisthus â€Å"a coward to the life,† and even asks, â€Å"why didn’t you kill this man yourself instead of leaving it to† (102:1898-1903). Clytemnestra becomes the catalyst because she enters the circle of violence unrightfully, and therefore disrupts it. It is a male’s duty, according to the household’s rights, to seek destructive violence.The system becomes impure when an unnatural individual, s uch as a female, and therefore disrupts. When the stripped of its destructive nature, man forgets how to seek justice until a new one is implemented. In Eumenides, the third play of the trilogy, we see a new justice that conflicts with the old. After the primitive cycle of unjust acts is disrupted by Clytemnestra, Athena employs a form of justice where no suffering is necessary in order to restore honor. The fewer people killed constitutes the society’s progress towards cleansing in Oresteia.Productive justice is something unheard of before in ancient Greek culture. It is not until Athena applies a rational and legal judgment that we see a sufficient alternative to entering the continuous cycle of violence. Rational judgment is considered productive because instead of the Erinyes avenging Clytemnestra, by killing Orestes, his crime is justified in court, and therefore his life is spared. Hence, no man will ever have to avenge Orestes’ death because the cycle of pointless violence was disrupted and replaced, and therefore should not be pursued.Athena partakes in the judgment by becoming a contestant in the conflict. The Athenian judgment is equally compromising and advantageous for Orestes, Apollo, and the Erinyes. It also causes Athena to litigate in regards to the interest of Athens. When her judgment releases Orestes, he promises that if they (his descendants) keep an upright course, and give enduring honor to the city of Pallas with their loyal spears, will I remain a blessing to them (Eumenides 178: 895-898).Athena judges favorably for Apollo and Orestes so that she can ensure in the future that Athens will also, in turn, be treated favorably. Likewise, Athena employs the power of the Erinyes so that they can work to protect her Athens. Athena enlightens the Erinyes with the concept that it is your choice now to take what I am holding out to you: to do well and, well honored, have your own share of this land and gods well (Eumenides 181:1009-1012). This passage underlines the correlation of justice reaching an equilibrium to society becoming cleansed, and on its way to becoming productive.This is because Athena’s rational judgment, which stems from Clytemnestra’s disruption of the cycle of justice, serves as the sufficient alternative insofar as it prevents further destruction, or the deaths of Orestes, Apollo, the Erinyes, and the citizens of Athens. Clytemnestra functions as a catalyst because as she assumes the head of the oikos, her gender disrupts the prevalent nature of the household. The cycle of violence was a law followed strictly by males, and because Clytemnestra (female gender) positions herself in the role of Agesthis (male gender) she is considered an unnatural force.The society is last seen in its aristocratic structure right before Clytemnestra murders Agamemnon. Hence, the cycle of violence ceases and leaves society inclined to search for a new justice with a productive configuration. Athena carries out what Clytemnestra initiated by creating a productive alternative to seeking justice through litigation. This contrasts the ancient Greek nature insofar as individuals were originally inclined to seek vengeance. Athenian judgment transforms society from aristocratic to democratic.The litigation of unbiased intermediaries correlates to how a polis or democratic nation functions. Instead of solely deciding among one another what is just or unjust, rational judgment serves as the sufficient alternative. This is because litigation rightfully determines which actions are characterized as socially accepted by the citizens as a whole. Clytemnestra’s pursuit of destructive justice causes the household to diminish, and through Athena, a polis, or city-state surfaces. A polis allows the once extended family (wife and children), to become equal because instead of the father determining the rights of each household, the city-state as a whole establishes what is socially accepted. This is characterized as rational judgment, and it serves as the only solution because it determines one’s fate through reasoning, and not by the consequences of man’s ancestry. Thus, Clytemnestra and Athena are female agents of justice whom have helped create a structure that future societies acquire as their own.

Economic Constitution essays

Economic Constitution essays "The Constitution of 1787 was written solely to advance the economic interests of the upper classes of the United States." At the time the Constitution of 1787 was written, America had just won its independence from the monarchy of England. In England, the king and the aristocracy controlled the land and the money at the expense of the people. This limited the people's chances for economic advancement. When these oppressed people broke away from English rule, the newly founded country was based on the principle "that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." (Declaration of Independence, Page 100 in Documents of American History). With freedom from England, Americans now had the chance for economic equality. However, the more educated and prosperous Americans now controlled an unequal amount of land and money. As a result, they wanted to keep their wealth and not be overly taxed for the sake of democracy. This situation posed a dramatic contradiction in that these rich Ameri cans were acting in a very similar manner to the English aristocracy which they had fought against to eventually gain their independence. These Americans were the same people who wrote the Constitution of 1787 of the United States. However, they wrote the Constitution in such a way that they would confuse the common people and allow the wealthy to constitutionally retain their riches. Among these wealthy Americans were men such as James Madison and Alexander Hamilton. To defend their economic interests, they issued essays to convince the majority of Americans, lower class than themselves, that they should have their wealth protected. These essays were known as the Federalist Papers, and one in particular expressed their economic interests through the fog of preserving liberty and avoiding "the violence of faction" (The Federalis...

What We Know About Dinosaur Life Spans

What We Know About Dinosaur Life Spans The bleached skeleton of a hundred-million-year-old Deinonychus can tell us a lot about what this dinosaur ate, how it ran, and even how it interacted with others of its kind, but not much about how long it lived before dropping dead of old age. The fact is, estimating the lifespan of the average sauropod or tyrannosaur involves drawing upon numerous strands of evidence, including analogies with modern reptiles, birds and mammals, theories about dinosaur growth and metabolism, and (preferably) direct analysis of the pertinent fossilized dinosaur bones. Before anything else, of course, it helps to determine the cause of death of any given dinosaur. Given the locations of certain fossils, paleontologists can often figure out if the unlucky individuals were buried by avalanches, drowned in floods, or smothered by sandstorms; also, the presence of bite marks in solid bone is a good indication that the dinosaur was killed by predators (though it’s also possible that the corpse was scavenged after the dinosaur had died of natural causes, or that the dinosaur had recovered from a previously inflicted injury). If a specimen can be conclusively identified as a juvenile, then death by old age is ruled out, though not death by disease (and we still know very little about the diseases that afflicted dinosaurs). Dinosaur Life Spans: Reasoning by Analogy Part of the reason researchers are so interested in dinosaur lifespans is that modern-day reptiles are some of the longest-lived animals on the earth: giant tortoises can live for over 150 years, and even crocodiles and alligators can survive well into their sixties and seventies. Even more tantalizingly, some species of birds, which are the direct descendants of dinosaurs, also have long lifespans. Swans and turkey buzzards can live for over 100 years, and small parrots often outlive their human owners. With the exception of humans, who can live for over 100 years, mammals post relatively undistinguished numbers, about 70 years for an elephant and  40 years for a chimpanzee, and the longest-lived fish and amphibians top out at 50 or 60 years. One shouldnt rush to conclude that just because some of the relatives and descendants of dinosaurs regularly hit the century mark, dinosaurs must have had long life spans as well. Part of the reason a giant tortoise can live so long is that it has an extremely slow metabolism; its a matter of debate whether all dinosaurs were equally cold-blooded. Also, with some important exceptions (such as parrots), smaller animals tend to have shorter lifespans, so the average 25-pound Velociraptor might have been lucky to live beyond a decade or so. Conversely, larger creatures tend to have longer lifespans, but just because a Diplodocus was 10 times bigger than an elephant doesn’t necessarily mean it lived ten times (or even twice) as long. Dinosaur Life Spans: Reasoning by Metabolism The metabolism of dinosaurs is still a matter of ongoing dispute, but lately, some paleontologists have advanced a convincing argument that the largest herbivores, including sauropods, titanosaurs, and hadrosaurs, achieved homeothermy, that is, they warmed up slowly in the sun and cooled down equally slowly at night, maintaining a near-constant internal temperature. Since homeothermy is consistent with a cold-blooded metabolism, and since a fully warm-blooded (in the modern sense) Apatosaurus would have cooked itself from the inside out like a giant potato, a lifespan of 300 years seems within the realm of possibility for these dinosaurs. What about smaller dinosaurs? Here the arguments are murkier, and complicated by the fact that even small, warm-blooded animals (like parrots) can have long life spans. Most experts believe that the life spans of smaller herbivorous and carnivorous dinosaurs were directly proportional to their size, for example, the chicken-sized Compsognathus might have lived for five or 10 years, while a much bigger Allosaurus might have topped out at 50 or 60 years. However, if it can be conclusively proved that any given dinosaur was warm-blooded, cold-blooded, or something in between, these estimates would be subject to change. Dinosaur Life Spans: Reasoning by Bone Growth You might think that an analysis of actual dinosaur bones would help clear up the issue of how fast dinosaurs grew and how long they lived, but frustratingly, this isnt the case. As the biologist, R.E.H. Reid writes in The Complete Dinosaur, [bone] growth was often continuous, as in mammals and birds, but sometimes periodic, as in reptiles, with some dinosaurs following both styles in different parts of their skeletons. Also, to establish rates of bone growth, paleontologists need access to multiple specimens of the same dinosaur, at different growth stages, which is often an impossibility given the vagaries of the fossil record. What it all boils down to is this: some dinosaurs, such as the duck-billed Hypacrosaurus, grew at phenomenal rates, reaching adult sizes of a few tons in a mere dozen or so years (presumably, this accelerated rate of growth reduced the juveniles window of vulnerability to predators). The trouble is, everything we know about cold-blooded metabolism is inconsistent with this pace of growth, which may well mean that Hypacrosaurus in particular (and large, herbivorous dinosaurs in general) had a type of warm-blooded metabolism, and thus maximum life spans well below the 300 years ventured above. By the same token, other dinosaurs seem to have grown more like crocodiles and less like mammals, at a slow and steady pace, without the accelerated curve seen during infancy and adolescence. Sarcosuchus, the 15-ton crocodile better known as the SuperCroc, probably took about 35 or 40 years to reach adult size, and then continued growing slowly for as long as it lived. If sauropods followed this pattern, that would point to a cold-blooded metabolism, and their estimated life spans would once again edge up toward the multiple-century mark. So what can we conclude? Clearly, until we establish more details about the metabolism and growth rates of various species, any serious estimates of dinosaur lifespans have to be taken with a gigantic grain of prehistoric salt!

Organisational behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organisational behavior - Essay Example icant asset of any kind of organization, whether NPO or not, that requires to be managed effectively for organizational profitability and survival in the face of increasing global competition. This paper will research and investigate the Scientific Management model and Human Relations model by way of relating and contrasting TGI Fridays management of people to One Vision Housing, often regarded as good Not for Profit Organizations-NPO employer in United Kingdom. Finally, it will scrutinize whether nowadays the two models are still applicable and significant to managing people and whether NPOs and profit making organizations employ them differently in management of people. . In the organizational context, resources can be both a source of strength and weakness for the firm; the human resource is clearly the most fundamental asset that needs to be managed effectively to maximize organizational profits, reduce turnover, while promoting survival of the organization in the long term (Lin, Yen-Duen and Chein 2012, p.153). Human Resource Management, the unique scientific approach to handling the people side of the organization using a set of cultural, structural, and personnel techniques, is a fundamental organizational practice that enhances performance (Senyucel 2009, p.15). Human Resource Management aims to promote both the needs of the organization and that of the employees; through appropriate HRM approaches, the organization achieves the greatest possible benefit from the talents and abilities of their employees, while they in turn receive not only material but also psychological rewards from their work. The organizational strategy, particularly in the highly complex and dynamic global business environment in the 21st century calls for integrated series of human resource policies, which can enable the organization to leverage on their employees’ capabilities to achieve competitive advantage that can help them win competition (Flanagan 1999, p.55). The

I want to learn about how the staffs in any nursing home deal with the Assignment

I want to learn about how the staffs in any nursing home deal with the senior adults who lost their memory - Assignment Example address the social aspect of care for patients who are in their advance age who has from memory loss that they may be able to interact with them not just as a health care provider but also as a human being that would possibly help the patient recover their memory and make their stay in the nursing home pleasant. Senior adults who suffers from memory loss who are taken cared of at nursing homes are removed from their family and nursing staffs should therefore endeavor to create an atmosphere that resembles the comfort of the patient’s home. After completing the project, it is expected that the nursing staff will not only be proficient and sensitive in taking care of senior citizens who suffers from memory loss but will also be ethical being mindful that those who are housed in the nursing homes are away from their