Health Information Exchange free essay sample

Consumers today have the ability to access information related to their daily lives or even information related to events happening on the opposite side of the world. However, if this same consumer needed access to his or her personal health information, the ability of the patient or their health care provider to obtain the information would be limited. (Medows) Personal health information is not used to its full potential to support effective and efficient care due to fragmented information creation and storage. Our fast-paced always on the go society calls for a change to this state of isolated, fragmented health information. Whether it be a patient relocated due to a natural disaster or being able to identify a patient who was prescribed a recalled drug, having access to health information no matter where the patient may be is necessary. (Vest and Gamm, 2010) Making health information technology (HIT) will not only enable healthcare consumers access to their own medical history but also ensure that healthcare providers have timely access to medical records, improve the ease and safety  of e-prescribing, improve payer reimbursement, and provide the information needed for population based health planning. (Medows) Policy makers, researchers, industry groups, and health care professionals agree that health information exchange (HIE) is the much needed solution. (Vest and Gamm, 2010) Health Information Exchange (HIE) What is HIE? The National Alliance for Health Information Technology defines health information exchange (HIE) as the process of sharing patient-level electronic health information between different organizations. This process is conducted in a manner that protects the confidentiality, privacy, and security of the information. (AHIMA, 2012) The ability to exchange health information electronically is the foundation of efforts to improve quality of care, improve patient safety, and reduce costs and thus proves the importance of health information exchange (HIE). (HealthIT) While HIE promises cost and quality improvements, to date there lacks substantial and consistent empirical demonstrations of the effectiveness of HIE. (Vest and Gamm, 2010) History of HIE Community Health Management Information Systems (CHMISs) In 1990, the Hartford Foundation initiated community health management information systems (CHMISs) through grants to seven states and cities. (HIT Knowledgebase, 2012) The systems were centralized data repositories that housed patient information. The main purpose of the system was for assessment purposes and to facilitate billing and patient eligibility information retrieval in order to reduce costs. However, none of these systems ultimately survived due to lack of affordable and effective technology. They developed in communities interested in the concept of HIE but with commercial endeavors rather than community stakeholders. (Vest and Gamm, 2010) These endeavors were primarily aimed at reducing costs by sharing data. In an attempt to overcome some of the pitfalls learned in 1990, CHINs employed decentralized data structures that made it less likely to violate some privacy concerns. (HIT Knowledgebase, 2012) Despite the fact that anywhere from 75 to 500 CHINs existed or were in the planning stages during the 1990s, most failed to survive. There are several reasons that led to this failure. First, there was a lack of focus on community stakeholders. (Vest and Gamm, 2010) In addition, technology vendors, who were building the systems to collect fees associated with electronic transmission, seemed to pit the interests of hospitals against those of community physicians. Finally, there was no clear return on investment. (HIT Knowledgebase, 2012) IOM Reports In 1999, the Institute of Medicine released the first of a series of reports that would ignite a national focus on patient safety and quality of care. This first report, To Err is Human, addressed the fact that healthcare in the United States is not as safe as it should be. â€Å"At least 44,000 people, and perhaps as many as 98,000 people, die in hospitals each year as a result of medical errors that could have been prevented, according to estimates from two major studies. † (IOM, 1999) A follow up report in 2001 pointed out how health information technology (HIT) and health information exchange (HIE) can be used to reduce errors and improve efficiency and effectiveness of our healthcare system. This new national focus would determine how the history of HIE would continue to unfold. Hospitals have been identified as a primary financial contributor in a community but would also have the most difficulty in showing a return on investment. In addition, while privacy laws allow for the sharing of information between organizations for the purpose of patient care, RHIOs are still responsible for ensuring patient privacy. (Vest and Gamm, 2010) HIE Today A milestone year for health information exchange was 2009, in which Title XIII of the American Recovery Reinvestment Act was passed. This is better known as the Health Information Technology for Economical Clinical Health (HITECH) Act and is the most recent example of federal support for HIE. (Vest and Gamm, 2010) The HITECH Act incentivizes the use of electronic health record (EHR) adoption among providers who adopt certified systems and are able to demonstrate that they use these EHR systems in a meaningful way. The act also addresses privacy issues by strengthening privacy, security, and confidentiality. (HIT Knowledgebase) This builds on the previous administration’s call for interoperable health information technology and its creation of the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC). The Obama administration envisions a future of lower cost and higher quality healthcare, and rapidly growing adoption of health information technology is to be a key lever in achieving such a future. (Vest and Gamm, 2010) Benefits of HIE Benefits of health information exchange (HIE) can include improving quality  and safety of patient care; providing a basic level of interoperability among EHRs maintained by individual physicians and organizations; stimulating consumer education and patients’ involvement in their own healthcare; helping public health officials meet their commitment to the community; creating a potential loop for feedback between health-related research and actual practice; facilitating efficient deployment of emerging technology and heal thcare services; and providing the backbone of technical infrastructure for leverage by national and state-level initiatives. While there are many clear benefits that come with the adoption of HIE, improving quality and safety of patient care seems to be the most important. Achieving this long wanted goal will provide a connecting point for an organized, standardized process of data exchange. (HealthIT) However, achieving this goal will also require strategies for overcoming obstacles encountered in the past. Current Challenges The key challenges facing health information exchange (HIE) today are establishing a base of support, interconnecting technology, and establishing financial viability amid uncertainty. Building consensus and achieving full stakeholder buy-in at the beginning of an HIE project and maintaining that trust as the project moves forward is an important factor. Once sufficient participation collaboration is achieved, technical interoperability becomes the key challenge. As with any system development, the struggle with implementing HIE is how to create and maintain a sound financing model into the future. (NeHC, 2012) Establishing a Base of Support Healthcare technology executives face a need to connect an increasing number of providers and other stakeholders. Each stakeholder has different needs, work on different data platforms, and have different requirements for accessing and managing data. (Bizzaro, 2012) Validating the National eHealth Collaborative (NeHC) belief that a public-private partnership is key to success, the panelists agree that broad and sustained collaboration coupled with clear, structured communication among stakeholders at all levels is vital. (NeHC, 2012) Interconnecting Technology Individual EMR systems are not necessarily designed for interconnection, and  vendors as a rule have not yet been effective at creating technological bridges in an affordable or rapidly deployable way. (NeHC, 2012) Most healthcare organizations are burdened with managing multiple financial, administrative, and clinical systems on a variety of platforms. The challenge is to develop and execute a long-term strategy that will meet urgent and important interoperability needs while also placing the organization in the position to face downstr eam challenges or harness future opportunities.

Times Arrow, Times Cycle ( Stephen Jay Gould ) free essay sample

Reviews work on evolution of geologists understanding of the concept of deep time in 17th Cent.-19th Cent. In Times Arrow, Times Cycle, Stephen Jay Gould discusses the evolution of geologists understanding of the concept of deep time. Gould studied texts by Thomas Burnet, James Hutton, and Charles Lyellthree scientific writers who approached this question in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. Traditionally, readings of these three writers tended to focus on the degree to which each man employed the scientific method in investigating the question of the Earths age. The greater the scientists dependence on scientific method, the historians reasoned, the closer he came to the truth. Thus, these scientists have often been ranked, and understood, on the basis of their adherence to standards that are familiar to the twentieth century, but were still evolving when they wrote. In the course of his repeated close readings of the texts, in which. We will write a custom essay sample on Times Arrow, Times Cycle ( Stephen Jay Gould ) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .

Present Simple Exceptions in English Grammar

Present Simple Exceptions in English Grammar Here is the most important English language rule to remember: Almost every rule is about 90% valid. As confusing as that concept may be, it is certainly one of the most frustrating and truthful things about learning English. All that hard work to learn the correct grammar and then you read or hear something like this: Peter does want to come this summer. Its just that he cant get off work. As an excellent student, the first thought that comes to your mind is; wait a minute, that first sentence is a positive sentence.  Does want  cant be correct. It should be; Peter  wants to come this summer. Of course, according to what you have learned you are correct. However, in certain instances, you can use both the auxiliary and principal verb together to form a positive sentence. We allow this exception to add extra emphasis. In other words: Peter really wants to come this summer. Exceptions to the (English) Rules This feature will concern the various uses of and exceptions to the simple present. You all know that we usually use the simple present to express: Habitual actionsOpinions and preferencesTruths and facts You also know that the standard construction is the following: Positive: Tom goes to the beach on SaturdaysNegative: Mary doesnt like to eat fish on Fridays.Interrogative: Do they work in New York? Here are some simple present exceptions/extra possibilities. Exception 1 In order to add stress to a positive sentence, we can use the auxiliary verb to do. We often use this exception when we are contradicting what someone else has said. Example: A: I dont think Peter wants to come with us this summer. He told me that he wouldnt be able to come, but I think he just doesnt want to come with us. B: No, thats not true. Peter  does  want to come. Its just that he has too much work and cant get away from the office. Exception 2 The simple present can also be used for the future. We use the simple present to express future, scheduled, events with verbs that express beginning and end, or departure and arrival. Example: A: When does the train for Paris leave?B: It leaves at 7 tomorrow morning. Exception 3 We use the simple present in time clauses when talking about future events. The  when  is expressed with the simple present. The  result  is expressed with a future form, usually the future with will. Time clauses are introduced by time signifiers such as when, as soon as, before, after, etc. The construction is the same as the first conditional except that we use a time signifier such as as soon as instead of if. Example: A: When are you going to come and see the new house?B: We will come as soon as we finish the Smith project. Exception 4 We often use the simple present when we write timelines or biographical outlines even if all the events take place in the past. Example: 1911 - Pete Wilson is born in Seattle, Washington.1918 - Pete begins to play the saxophone.1927 - Pete is discovered by Fat Man Wallace.1928 - Fat Man Wallace arranges Petes first concert with Big Fanny and the Boys in New York.1936 - Pete goes to Paris. Exception 5 In the question form, we usually use the auxiliary verb to do. However, if the question word/words (usually who, which or what) express the subject and not the object of the sentence, the question is asked using positive sentence structure with a question mark. By the way, this is true of other tenses as well. Example: Regular: Who do you work with? (some people prefer Whom do you work with?)Exception: Who works with you? Regular: Which toothpaste do you use?Exception: Which brands of toothpaste use fluoride? Exception 6 Time words cause a great deal of confusion to English learners. Here are some exceptions concerning time words. Adverbs of frequency such as regularly, usually, normally, always, often, sometimes, never, etc. are generally put before the main verb. However, they can also be put at the beginning or end of a sentence. Example: Regular: John usually arrives home at 5 oclock.Also possible: Usually John arrives home at 5 oclock OR John arrives home at 5 oclock usually. Note: Some teachers do not consider the other possibilities correct. However, if you listen carefully to native speakers, you will also hear these forms used. Exception 7 The verb to be also causes special problems. If the adverb of frequency is placed in the middle of the sentence (as is usually the case) it must  follow  the verb to be. Example: Regular: Fred often eats in a bar and grill.To be: Fred is often late to work. Exception 8 This is one of the strangest uses of adverbs of frequency. Negative adverbs of frequency used in the initial position of a sentence must be followed by question word order. These adverbs include  rarely, never,  and  seldom. Example: Regular: Patricia rarely finishes work before 7 p.m.Initial placement: Seldom does John play volleyball. The above exceptions are certainly not the  only  exceptions, however, they are some of the most common ones that you will encounter in your English language-learning journey.

Civil Liberties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Civil Liberties - Essay Example This can be classified as mercy killing. It is the killing of a terminally ill patient in order to stop the patients’ earthly sufferings. The article discusses Seneca recommends to Marcelino to consider suicide in order to end the unnecessary suffering from a painful incurable ailment. New literature classified the suicide option when the patient is faced with a terminally ill ailment as dying with respect and dignity. Further, the article places the ethical acceptance of medically induced euthanasia. The American Euthanasia society defines Euthanasia as the ending of a patient’s life without any pain inflicted in order to put a stop to the patient’s endless suffering. In Belgian Law, the euthanasia of minors is legally permitted in cases when the children can no longer bear the pain of the incurable ailment where death is inevitable. Furthermore, euthanasia or mercy killing violates the universal human rights declaration of 1948. The declaration that everyone has the right to liberty, life, as well as security is legally enshrined. The law prohibits the intentional taking of another person’s life, except when the court decision imposes the death penalty on the convicted criminal. The article ends emphasizing Euthanasia is allowed in certain cases. In addition, another article emphasized the United States constitution compulsorily states that everyone is entitled to own property, liberty, and life (Hamrick, 2013). One of the amendments that prioritize enforcement of the three rights is the 5th amendment. Another amendment is the 14th amendment. The article reiterates that criminal intention is an important ingredient in the determination if the suspect is guilty of violating the law. Criminal intent is called Mens Rea. Thus, any person has the liberty to carry guns and grenades. The mere possession of cocaine, guns, or other prohibited drugs does not automatically constitute a criminal, unless criminal intent to violate the law is

Crisis Intervention with a Biblical Worldview Research Paper

Crisis Intervention with a Biblical Worldview - Research Paper Example There are different styles used under crisis intervention and among of them are screening/assessment from medical model and problem solving from alternate services. Crisis intervention is found to be a suitable management strategy for people with suicidal tendency (Berrino et al., 2011). It is also a proven effective strategy that can be applied in the midst and after of natural disasters (Bronisch et al., 2006). Crisis intervention is therefore a remarkable strategy that aims to restore the ability of an individual to adapt to its immediate environment and its adverse impacts. Crisis intervention therefore should require more encouraging words in the hope that it will help the individual understands the true meaning and value of life. People experience crisis in life when they are faced with obstacles to their important goals or are both faced with dangers and opportunities (James, 2008). Handling situation like this primarily requires important choices and encouraging words to rema rkably create better perspectives out of the problem. Jesus reminded us the importance of encouraging words and the value of our choices in life. He believed that people are more valuable than any other things on earth and nobody should worry on what to come in their lives because God certainly is able to provide everything for them (Luke 12:24). Thus, he simply tried to point out the fact that we are certainly not totally in control of ourselves but there is God who simply takes control over everything else. However, he also emphasized that each one has the choice to worry or not. Thus, effective counseling in crisis intervention is therefore a matter of effective participation of the concerned person. When an individual is not able to take control of his own self and his balance over everything is disrupted, crisis is doomed to come in his life (Dattilio and Freeman, 2007). This emphasizes the fact that the most important move to sustain him from his balance is an effective

The Prefrontal Cortex And Antisocial Behaviour Psychology Essay

The Prefrontal Cortex And Antisocial Behaviour Psychology Essay Todays society, where antisocial behaviour is seen in children and adults, seems to exhibit a greater need to understand its underlying causes. Ones ability to act in an appropriate manner in a given social context is quite unique to humans; along with the ability to reason and make conscious decisions. Therefore, it seems to suggest that such civilised behaviours are dictated by an area of the brain seen in only the most developed. Research into antisocial behaviour implicates the prefrontal cortex; an area of the frontal lobe involved in decision-making and the ability to inhibit undesirable social responses. The research to be discussed in this essay looks at how prefrontal cortex dysfunction affects judgement and how this, in turn, contributes to the decision to behave antisocially. History is littered with cases of individuals whose behaviour changes drastically as the result of brain damage, however, these only represent patients in which brain functioning develops normally. Anderson, Bechara, Damasio, Tranel and Damasio (1999) presented the case of two individuals in which normal brain development was prevented by damage caused primarily to the prefrontal cortex before the age of sixteen months. This study involved a comparison between adult and early-onset patients to assess the differences caused by the repressed development of the prefrontal cortex. Findings show that the two different categories of patients were very similar in social impairments but the distinction can be seen in the fact that early-onset patients lacked the social and moral reasoning of the adults, hence suggesting that development of social and moral principles had been affected. This implies that the prefrontal cortex is involved in the ability to make socially acceptable and moral de cisions which are then applied in making appropriate behavioural responses. Much research in this area makes use of diagnosed Psychopathic individuals (condition characterised by extreme antisocial behaviour towards others). Yang and Raine (2009) conducted a meta-analysis of 43 cases of varying ranges of antisocial behaviour- including psychopaths. Not only do the findings support the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in antisocial behaviour- increased antisocial behaviour is linked to reduced function of several prefrontal regions- but they propose some localisation of antisocial aspects in specific sub-regions of the cortex. They hypothesised that activity reduction in areas such as the orbitofrontal region are affiliated with emotional impairments and decision-making deficits, whereas, dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex dysfunction is more associated with characteristic impulsivity. Furthermore, brain imaging has highlighted orbitofrontal involvement in the reliving of one particular emotion known to underlie behavioural decisions: guilt (Wagner, NDiaye, Ethofer and Vuilleumier, 2011). Yang and Raines (2009) theory seems to explain how prefrontal damage can account for a variety of behavioural aspects that fall under the umbrella term of antisocial. Psychopathy has also been linked to discrepancies in the process of moral judgement by way of amygdala and orbitofrontal/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (Blair, 2007). Blair (2007) theorises that the reduction in care-based morality seen in psychopaths can be explained in terms of dysfunction of the amygdala and ventromedial l prefrontal cortex as these are involved in learning and reinforcement; in that aversive reinforcement prevents a person making immoral decisions. However, dysfunction in those with psychopathic tendencies means that such forms of learning do not occur and so they become unable to make moral decisions: leading to immoral behaviours. Verification is provided by Marsh, Finger, Fowler, Jurkowitz, Schechter, Yu, Pine and Blair (2011) who conducted brain imaging studies on patients with psychopathic traits whilst getting them to participate in a moral task. Although, by their own admission, the moral task was fairly minor, the results show that participants had reduce d activity between the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala during task completion (Marsh et al, 2011). This seemingly supports Blair (2007) in linking deficiencies of the two brain regions to moral judgment and psychopathic behaviour. Damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex has further been linked to moral decision making in terms of beliefs about harmful intent behind certain behaviours. Young, Bechera, Tranel, Damasio, Hauser and Damasio (2010) conducted a study on patients with bilateral damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in which they manipulated scenarios to depict varying degrees of harm: (intentional harm, deliberate-unsuccessful harm). They found that relative to healthy controls, participants judged accidental harms more severely than unsuccessful yet intentional harm. According to Young et al. (2010) participants came to this conclusion by neglecting negative behavioural intent and focusing only on the outcomes. Hence, it seems that damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, impairs an individuals ability to make moral decisions regarding behavioural intent. This has powerful implications: perhaps antisocial behaviour displayed in those with prefrontal dysfunction is born out of the ina bility to recognise the harmful intent behind their actions, especially if the outcome is something they perceive as desirable. In conclusion, the role of prefrontal cortex dysfunction in antisocial behaviour is corroborated in extensive research which suggests its involvement is not limited to one specific aspect of the behaviour, nor one particular brain sub-region. This appears to make the argument more comprehensive than if such complex behaviour was specified to one region alone. The prefrontal cortex seems to be involved in the motivation behind behaviours and the judgements that affect behavioural decisions. Therefore, dysfunction of the area leads to immoral decision making which causes the individuals to behave in ways that can be classed as antisocial (such as those behaviours shown by psychopaths). Particular involvement seems to be of the orbitofrontal region in influencing moral and emotional decisions into undesirable behavioural outcomes. Furthermore, connectional dysfunction of the area with other brain areas has been linked to learning processes involved in morality (Blair, 2007). This seems to explain the inability to learn what is considered morally right and wrong: shown in those with damage obtained in infancy (Anderson, Bechara, Damasio, Tranel and Damasio, 1999). Whatever its role, vast research support for prefrontal cortex dysfunction in antisocial behaviour somewhat validates its involvement and may question the extent to which an individual can be held accountable for such actions- which could have societal repercussions.

Level2 Equality Diversity

NCFE Level 2 Certificate in Equality and Diversity Unit 4: Living in Diverse Communities Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference Then, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number. Name: Lisa Roe 1.Describe a range of appropriate investigative methods that can be used to explore diversity in a community. You can observe the community using several methods one being you could use observation sheets ,go in the internet use the local library, contact people with expert knowledge. You can use neighbourhood statistic websites that can give you a range of statistics in your local area. 2. Using one (or more) of the methods you outlined in Question 1, describe the extent of diversity that exists within your community. You should illustrate your work with some actual data such as statistics or desktop research.Spoken languages ,There are currently 73 languages spoken in the Wigan Borough, according to English as an Additional Language statistics within schools. (Wigan Council Census, January 2010). The top languages currently being used by schools is Polish, Chinese, Arabic, Punjabi, French, Malayalam, Urdu, Slovak and Norwegian. 38 languages were requested Interpretation services within GP practices in 2008/09. The top languages currently being used by patients within GP practices are Kurdish, Slovak, Farsi, Mandarin, Russian, Arabic, French and Polish.There are currently 68 languages used in Wigan and Leigh College. Top languages spoken are Polish, Arabic, Chinese, Punjabi, Slovak, French, Urdu, Malayan, Russian, and Lithuanian most recent dat a we have on religion is from the 2001 Census, so very out-of- date. Wigan is a predominantly Christian borough with 87% classed as such. The next largest group is those describing themselves as having no religion, at 7%. There are less that 1% of people in the borough who describe themselves as either Muslim (0. 33%), Hindu (0. 17%), Buddhist (0. 09%), Jewish (0. 3%) or Sikh (0. 02%). However, the growing ethnic diversity that has been experienced in the borough over the last ten years is likely to have had an effect on the religious make-up also 3. Using one (or more) of the methods you outlined in Question 1, describe the range of services and agencies that exist within your local community to support diversity. www. wlct. org Wigan Leisure and Culture Trust is committed to equality and diversity and in an ongoing process continues to develop and improve services to everyone in the community www. wigan. ov. uk for help with everything from housing to help looking for a job. Patie nt advice and liaison services Advice on the availability of, and access to, local health services www. walh. co. ukequality and diversity in employment 4. Using one (or more) of the methods you outlined in Question 1, provide a wide range of examples (at least 20) of physical signs that show there is diversity within your community. Include examples relating to: Religion Ethnicity Age Disability Gender 5. Describe the types of inequality that could exist within a community.Report on your findings. 1,Political this may occur when certain groups are prevented from taking part in a process. 2, Inequality of outcome this is when people have variations in wealth and income 3 inequality of treatment this is were we have to treat people without bias, prejudice or special conditions applying to them 6. Describe the threats that exist to equality and diversity within the community, using examples of intolerance and extremism. when people are intolerant they tend to stereotype and label the groups / categories they do not like.They may behave in antisocial ways that undermine the quality of life of the people they do not like. This can worsen to the point where there is extremism. One of the main problems that results from intolerant behaviour is that it can cause the social groups being subjected to it to behave differently. They often respond in one of two ways: The people affected may withdraw and become more insular. They tend to stay with ‘their own social group’ and avoid outsiders. However, this withdrawal can be perceived by outsiders as being anti-social and this can have a negative effect on the way the minority group is labelled. hey stereotype people outside their group as being a threat against them. They may themselves become intolerant of the ‘outsiders’. This breaks down the healthy relationships that the social group has with others. These responses are understandable. If a person feels threatened it makes sense to keep close to people you feel safe with and keep away from potential threats. Unfortunately the result is that the behaviour of an intolerant minority can influence and negatively impact a whole community. the extremist is obviously an intolerant person who takes things to extremes.They go from disliking and being intolerant of a particular social group (on the grounds of things such as race, ethnicity, gender, disability or sexual preference) to taking actions that may cause those people harm. 7. Research the range of support services and networks that exist within the local community to support diversity and explain the specific roles they carry out and the users they support. This task should be completed for each of the following: Public sector organisations Wigan, Leigh & District Society for the Blind to help the blind people find out information and get help if needed. www. thebrick. org. kthey help homeless people www. embracewiganand leigh. org they are a Wigan based charity who help people with disabilities and their families that need support, advice and information. Charitable and voluntary organisations oxfam cancer research save the children Self-help groups AATo help people with drinking problems Alzheimers society-to help family to cope with loved ones who are suffering with alzhelmers. Lesbian and gay foundation providers of direct support and resources to lesbian gay and bisexual people Once you have completed this Assessment, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your work to your tutor for marking. Level2 Equality Diversity NCFE Level 2 Certificate in Equality and Diversity Unit 4: Living in Diverse Communities Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference Then, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number. Name: Lisa Roe 1.Describe a range of appropriate investigative methods that can be used to explore diversity in a community. You can observe the community using several methods one being you could use observation sheets ,go in the internet use the local library, contact people with expert knowledge. You can use neighbourhood statistic websites that can give you a range of statistics in your local area. 2. Using one (or more) of the methods you outlined in Question 1, describe the extent of diversity that exists within your community. You should illustrate your work with some actual data such as statistics or desktop research.Spoken languages ,There are currently 73 languages spoken in the Wigan Borough, according to English as an Additional Language statistics within schools. (Wigan Council Census, January 2010). The top languages currently being used by schools is Polish, Chinese, Arabic, Punjabi, French, Malayalam, Urdu, Slovak and Norwegian. 38 languages were requested Interpretation services within GP practices in 2008/09. The top languages currently being used by patients within GP practices are Kurdish, Slovak, Farsi, Mandarin, Russian, Arabic, French and Polish.There are currently 68 languages used in Wigan and Leigh College. Top languages spoken are Polish, Arabic, Chinese, Punjabi, Slovak, French, Urdu, Malayan, Russian, and Lithuanian most recent dat a we have on religion is from the 2001 Census, so very out-of- date. Wigan is a predominantly Christian borough with 87% classed as such. The next largest group is those describing themselves as having no religion, at 7%. There are less that 1% of people in the borough who describe themselves as either Muslim (0. 33%), Hindu (0. 17%), Buddhist (0. 09%), Jewish (0. 3%) or Sikh (0. 02%). However, the growing ethnic diversity that has been experienced in the borough over the last ten years is likely to have had an effect on the religious make-up also 3. Using one (or more) of the methods you outlined in Question 1, describe the range of services and agencies that exist within your local community to support diversity. www. wlct. org Wigan Leisure and Culture Trust is committed to equality and diversity and in an ongoing process continues to develop and improve services to everyone in the community www. wigan. ov. uk for help with everything from housing to help looking for a job. Patie nt advice and liaison services Advice on the availability of, and access to, local health services www. walh. co. ukequality and diversity in employment 4. Using one (or more) of the methods you outlined in Question 1, provide a wide range of examples (at least 20) of physical signs that show there is diversity within your community. Include examples relating to: Religion Ethnicity Age Disability Gender 5. Describe the types of inequality that could exist within a community.Report on your findings. 1,Political this may occur when certain groups are prevented from taking part in a process. 2, Inequality of outcome this is when people have variations in wealth and income 3 inequality of treatment this is were we have to treat people without bias, prejudice or special conditions applying to them 6. Describe the threats that exist to equality and diversity within the community, using examples of intolerance and extremism. when people are intolerant they tend to stereotype and label the groups / categories they do not like.They may behave in antisocial ways that undermine the quality of life of the people they do not like. This can worsen to the point where there is extremism. One of the main problems that results from intolerant behaviour is that it can cause the social groups being subjected to it to behave differently. They often respond in one of two ways: The people affected may withdraw and become more insular. They tend to stay with ‘their own social group’ and avoid outsiders. However, this withdrawal can be perceived by outsiders as being anti-social and this can have a negative effect on the way the minority group is labelled. hey stereotype people outside their group as being a threat against them. They may themselves become intolerant of the ‘outsiders’. This breaks down the healthy relationships that the social group has with others. These responses are understandable. If a person feels threatened it makes sense to keep close to people you feel safe with and keep away from potential threats. Unfortunately the result is that the behaviour of an intolerant minority can influence and negatively impact a whole community. the extremist is obviously an intolerant person who takes things to extremes.They go from disliking and being intolerant of a particular social group (on the grounds of things such as race, ethnicity, gender, disability or sexual preference) to taking actions that may cause those people harm. 7. Research the range of support services and networks that exist within the local community to support diversity and explain the specific roles they carry out and the users they support. This task should be completed for each of the following: Public sector organisations Wigan, Leigh & District Society for the Blind to help the blind people find out information and get help if needed. www. thebrick. org. kthey help homeless people www. embracewiganand leigh. org they are a Wigan based charity who help people with disabilities and their families that need support, advice and information. Charitable and voluntary organisations oxfam cancer research save the children Self-help groups AATo help people with drinking problems Alzheimers society-to help family to cope with loved ones who are suffering with alzhelmers. Lesbian and gay foundation providers of direct support and resources to lesbian gay and bisexual people Once you have completed this Assessment, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your work to your tutor for marking.